India is actively pursuing the development of advanced nuclear reactor technologies, including a 55 MWe Small Modular Reactor (SMR) and a 5 MWth High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR), specifically for green hydrogen production. This strategic push, recently highlighted in a parliamentary update from the Press Information Bureau, signals the nation's intent to integrate nuclear power into its broader clean energy transition, particularly for industrial decarbonization.

The 55 MWe SMR represents a significant step towards scalable and flexible nuclear power generation. SMRs are characterized by their compact size, modular design, and enhanced safety features, making them suitable for deployment in diverse locations and for various applications, including grid stabilization and industrial power supply. Their smaller footprint and reduced construction times are key advantages over traditional large-scale nuclear plants, potentially accelerating their integration into the energy landscape.

Complementing the SMR initiative, the 5 MWth HTGR is designed to produce hydrogen through coupling with a suitable thermochemical process. HTGRs operate at much higher temperatures than conventional light-water reactors, making them ideal for high-temperature industrial processes such as hydrogen production, desalination, and process heat for heavy industries. This direct application of nuclear heat for hydrogen generation offers a highly efficient and carbon-free alternative to current fossil fuel-based methods, which typically rely on steam methane reforming and emit significant greenhouse gases.

Globally, there is increasing interest in nuclear energy's role in hydrogen production, recognizing its potential to provide a continuous, high-capacity, and emissions-free energy source. India's focus on both electricity generation (via SMRs) and direct heat applications (via HTGRs for hydrogen) demonstrates a comprehensive approach to leveraging nuclear technology for a diverse set of energy needs. This aligns with the nation's broader goals of achieving energy independence and meeting its net-zero emissions targets.

The development of these advanced reactors is crucial for India's energy security and its ambition to become a global hub for green hydrogen. By investing in these cutting-edge technologies, India aims to reduce its reliance on imported fossil fuels, create new industrial opportunities, and contribute significantly to global efforts in combating climate change. The successful deployment of these reactors could set a precedent for other nations exploring integrated nuclear-renewable energy systems.